In a drug court, an offender is offered the option of attending a treatment plan under supervision in lieu of going to prison. If the offender accepts, the court works out a deal in cooperation with the offender, a therapeutic professional, the offender's lawyer, and other representatives of the drug court. The offender must abide by a strict set of rules while in treatment and can be subjected to penalties if he or she violates the agreement.

While in treatment, the offender must check in regularly. People providing treatment offer progress reports, and the offender must usually submit to random drug testing to confirm continued sobriety. In addition, offenders may be ordered to stay out of certain neighborhoods, to refrain from contact with certain people, and to observe other rules which are designed to break the cycle of drug use, addiction, and crime.

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